Traders expect the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates nearly three times by the end of the year, following recent US data indicating the need for quicker action.
The US CPI report was in focus, but the weekly jobless claims, which are at their highest since October 2021, drew more attention. This suggests the labor market is weakening. Inflation data was not alarming, with monthly inflation at +0.4% and core inflation at +0.3%.
Impact of Inflation
These inflation figures met expectations but are still above the +0.17% monthly rate needed to guide annual inflation down to the Fed’s 2% target. Tariffs are likely to continue impacting prices until at least the year’s end.
In the report, headline inflation rose due to increases in energy (+0.7%) and food (+0.5%) prices. Core inflation increased, driven mainly by airfares (+5.9%) and used vehicle prices (+1.0%). Additionally, apparel prices rose by +0.5% in August, influenced by tariffs.
Though tariffs affect pricing, the market is calm. Traders expect that weak job numbers will eventually lead to lower prices. They are now estimating about 71 basis points of rate cuts by year-end, up from 67. A 50 basis point cut next week is not expected, but further cuts in consecutive meetings might occur.
This week’s data shows a significant shift in market sentiment. Initial jobless claims surged to the highest point since October 2021, signaling a notable weakening in the labor market. As a result, traders are now pricing in nearly 75 basis points of Fed rate cuts by year’s end.
Market Reaction
This situation poses a challenge, as inflation isn’t declining as quickly as the job market. The latest core inflation reading of +0.3% keeps the annual rate around 3.5%, significantly above the Fed’s 2% target. Rising energy costs and the effects of trade tariffs on consumer goods are major contributors.
For derivative traders, this suggests a strategy focused on lower future interest rates. Consider purchasing call options on Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) futures, which would benefit as rate cut expectations grow. This approach helps manage risk while betting on the Fed prioritizing the struggling economy over persistent inflation.
The tension between slower growth and stubborn prices also leads to increased market volatility. The VIX index, which measures expected market volatility, has risen from recent lows near 14 to over 17 this month. Buying VIX call options or futures could protect against any negative economic data that might unsettle the market.
A historical comparison is the Fed’s actions in 2007 when it began cutting rates in response to a faltering economy, despite inflation not being fully controlled. The current market seems to anticipate that weakening labor data will prompt a similar shift. Therefore, trades that benefit from falling rates and rising volatility are particularly relevant in the weeks ahead.
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