The market is waiting for new economic data and important developments. Predictions for rate cuts by the end of the year include 47 basis points from the Fed (with a 99% chance of no change in the upcoming meeting) and 25 basis points from the ECB (91% chance of keeping rates steady). The BoE has a 58% chance of a 49 basis point cut, while the BoC expects a 25 basis point cut with a 78% chance of maintaining current rates. The RBA anticipates a 70 basis point cut, with a 64% likelihood of that happening, and the RBNZ expects 27 basis points, with an 82% chance of no change. The SNB is forecasting a 15 basis point cut with a 53% likelihood.
As for rate hikes, the BoJ is predicting 14 basis points but has a 98% chance of no change at its next meeting. This week featured monetary policy announcements from central banks, including the BoJ, Fed, SNB, and BoE. Interest rate expectations have remained unchanged as banks stay neutral, awaiting more economic data. As a result, market volatility has been low during this uncertain period.
Current Market Conditions
Currently, market participants are mostly waiting for macroeconomic updates. Many central banks are being careful, not because they disagree, but because the data hasn’t shown a clear direction yet. Most have confirmed their neutral stance, including those previously considered dovish or hawkish. This indicates they are closely monitoring the data, and we should too.
The Federal Reserve is expected to cut rates by around 50 basis points by December, suggesting growing yet tentative confidence in lower inflation. There’s a 99% chance rates will stay the same at the next meeting, so no surprises are anticipated in the near term. However, shorter-term instruments are increasingly hinting at a more dovish stance, reflecting cautious positioning ahead of payroll and CPI reports.
In Europe, policymakers are taking a similar approach. The European Central Bank is forecasting around a 25 basis point cut by the year’s end. With over a 90% chance of keeping rates steady at the next meeting, any changes will depend on new inflation and wage data. They seem hesitant to act before the data arrives, which is wise given the mixed signals in recent reports.
The Bank of England is showing some variability, and their likelihood of easing is just above 50%. However, the anticipated magnitude suggests that once the first move is made, more could follow. While it’s not a steep trend, it’s more pronounced than others, so we should watch for front-end steepeners or short-dated volatility since the BoE may be the next major bank to break ranks.
Global Economic Positioning
Canada appears quite stable. With nearly an 80% chance of keeping rates steady at the next meeting and only 25 basis points expected by year-end, traders seem to believe the risk of rising inflation is low. Short-term overnight index swaps reflect a steady expectation, indicating balanced Canadian risk currently.
On the other hand, Australia is positioning differently. They are pricing in 70 basis points of potential cuts, and there’s a two-thirds chance a cut could happen soon. This aggressive stance is notable among developed markets. The gap between expected easing and ongoing inflation issues may create two-way risks, so it’s wise to review hedging strategies for Australian front-end instruments due to the asymmetric risk from recent price movements.
New Zealand is in a middle ground. With a nearly 30 basis point rate cut priced in and over an 80% chance of no change at the next meeting, local economic challenges haven’t significantly affected policy expectations. The current probability suggests little movement ahead, making local curve shifts unlikely unless commodity data diverges clearly.
Switzerland’s figures are modest. There are only about 15 basis points priced in, with probabilities almost randomly distributed. The Swiss National Bank hasn’t given much guidance, which has kept volatility among the lowest in the G10. Their focus seems more on managing currency than on rates, given the recent trading behavior of the Swiss franc.
Lastly, Japan is moving in the opposite direction. They are seen as likely to increase rates in the future, with about 14 basis points priced in. However, the crucial figure is the 98% chance of no action at the next meeting. This indicates that the Bank of Japan’s recent hike was not a shift into a series of hikes but rather a reset. Longer-term positioning remains relatively stable, meaning yen strength isn’t yet supported by rate trends.
The key takeaway is that central banks are holding back, but their silence tells us much. The probabilities offer a guide, but economic surprises will be the real game-changers. If inflation or labor data strays from current expectations, the market could react quickly. Front-end gamma may still be undervalued in some areas, especially where rate cuts are already partially expected. We recommend closely monitoring wage data and longer-term inflation expectations, not just headline CPI, as they will likely influence rate movements in the future.
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