After Fed Chair Powell’s speech, market prices returned to levels seen before the speech. Traders viewed Powell’s comments on policy changes as a sign that interest rates could be lowered, leading to expectations of more than 60 basis points of cuts by the end of the year and a strong chance of a rate cut in September.
Next up is the Non-Farm Payroll (NFP) report, which will impact interest rate predictions. Strong employment data might create a 50/50 chance of a September rate cut and suggest a more aggressive stance later. On the other hand, weak data could raise the likelihood of a third rate cut by year-end.
Central Bank Expectations
Currently, expectations show the Fed likely to cut rates by 54 basis points by year-end, with an 85% chance of a cut at the next meeting. Other central banks like the ECB, BoE, BoC, RBA, and RBNZ have various probabilities and projected changes. The SNB expects a 7 basis point change, likely keeping rates steady.
In contrast, the BoJ predicts an 18 basis point increase by year-end, with an 88% chance of maintaining current rates.
After Powell’s speech, the market initially reacted strongly, anticipating major rate cuts, but then calmed down. Now, 54 basis points of cuts are expected by year-end. The upcoming Non-Farm Payrolls report, set for the first week of September 2025, will play a crucial role in shaping Federal Reserve policy expectations.
To provide context, the latest core CPI reading for July 2025 was 2.8%, the lowest since early 2023, suggesting a dovish stance from the Fed. In late 2024, several weak labor reports marked the end of interest rate hikes. A disappointing NFP result next week would confirm this trend and likely increase the chances of a third rate cut this year.
Trader Strategies
Derivative traders should prepare for volatility around this important jobs report. A strong report, for example, adding over 225,000 jobs, could challenge current predictions, making it tempting to sell interest rate futures as the likelihood of a September cut decreases. Conversely, a weaker report under 150,000 jobs could strengthen the dovish outlook, making it sensible to buy futures or call options on Treasury bonds.
It’s also important to note the clear differences with the Bank of Japan, which is the only central bank anticipating an 18 basis point hike. This is primarily due to Japan’s Q2 2025 wage growth hitting a 30-year high, prompting a shift in the central bank’s strategy. This divergence might weaken carry trades that depend on a strong dollar compared to the yen.
Meanwhile, central banks like the ECB and BoE are expected to hold steady, offering fewer short-term opportunities. However, markets anticipate more aggressive cuts for Australia and New Zealand, forecasting 37 and 35 basis points of easing, respectively. This suggests ongoing weakness for the Australian and New Zealand dollars, assuming their domestic data aligns with these expectations.
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