Federal Reserve Chair Powell is open to changing policies in September due to risks in the labor market and economy. His comments suggest a more cautious approach, leading traders to believe there is an 84% chance of a 25 basis point rate cut next month.
The non-farm payrolls data on September 5 will be key to confirming this. Powell pointed out that the Fed relies heavily on economic data, meaning weak labor market figures could support the idea of a rate cut.
Markets Dismissing Data
If the upcoming jobs data is disappointing, a September rate cut seems likely. There may still be pressure on the Fed, particularly from political leaders, even if they do cut rates. On the other hand, strong job numbers could make things more complicated and leave markets in doubt.
In this situation, markets might overlook the data, seeing it as a temporary issue, but still expect a September rate cut. The Fed will have to manage market expectations in this context.
Powell has not firmly agreed to a rate cut. If tariffs significantly impact inflation and the labor market remains strong, the pressure to make a change might lessen. The July inflation data had little effect, suggesting that the Fed could withstand bond market pressures before making major policy changes.
Looking back at similar scenarios, like in 2019, provides guidance amidst the current uncertainty following the Jackson Hole symposium. With Powell recognizing risks, traders are leaning towards the idea of a dovish policy shift. The CME FedWatch Tool now indicates a 75% chance of a 25 basis point cut at the September 2025 FOMC meeting.
Potential Market Reactions
The upcoming non-farm payrolls report on September 5 is now a crucial event for the market. The last report for July 2025 revealed a slowdown, with only 150,000 jobs added. If the next report is also weak, it would almost guarantee a rate cut. For derivative traders, this situation makes buying near-term index call options a likely bet if they expect continued labor market weakness.
However, if the jobs report is stronger than expected, it will bring uncertainty and challenge current market beliefs. In this case, traders might want to buy protective options, like short-dated puts on major indexes or use straddles to prepare for a spike in market volatility. The VIX is around 18, up from its summer lows, indicating that the market is preparing for this upcoming tension.
We also need to keep an eye on the US CPI report, which will arrive during the FOMC blackout period. After the latest July 2025 reading of 2.8%, another low inflation figure would give the Fed more leeway to act. This means traders might consider longer-dated options, like call spreads in rate-sensitive sectors, to profit from a confirmed easing cycle.
The bond market’s reaction is another vital signal to monitor. History shows, like in the lead-up to the 2019 cuts, that a sharp drop in the 10-year Treasury yield can pressure the Fed. If long-term yields fall sharply following the jobs data, it may indicate that the bond market is pressuring the Fed to act.
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